Reliability and Validity of Clinical Tests for Measuring Strength or Endurance of Cervical Muscles: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of clinical tests for measuring cervical muscle strength or endurance in participants with and without neck pain. DATA SOURCE: Systematic review and meta-analysis on reliability and validity. Literature search was conducted on January 28, 2020, using 5 databases: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION: We included studies that investigated the reliability or validity of clinical tests for measuring cervical muscle strength or endurance in participants with nonspecific chronic neck pain, with or without irradiation, or healthy participants. We included only those that were viable for daily practice and of low cost. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted as follows: (1) author and year of publication, (2) demographic values and health condition, (3) reported clinical tests, (4) inclusion and exclusion criteria, (5) description of test, (6) interrater reliability, and (7) intrarater reliability. For validity studies we also extracted the (8) reference method and (9) validity estimates. DATA SYNTHESIS: Methodological quality was assessed with the Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability and the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. Data on reliability and validity were extracted from included articles and then analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies were included. Cervical flexor and extensor endurance test, craniocervical flexion test (CCFT), AND cervical muscle strength using a handheld dynamometer (HHD) showed moderate to good intra- and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.64-0.90). Concurrent validity was measured by only 2 studies, which do not provide adequate evidence for a recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The cervical flexor and extensor endurance tests, CCFT, and HHD for measuring cervical strength presented an acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability.

Processo de tradução, propriedades de medida e classificação de acordo a CIF dos instrumentos de avaliação pós-AVE disponíveis em Português falado no Brasil / Translation process, measurement properties and classification according to ICF of evaluation instruments post-Stroke available in Portuguese spoken in Brazil

Diversos instrumentos desenvolvidos em países estrangeiros têm sido propostos para avaliar diferentes aspectos de indivíduos pós-acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). A identificação dos instrumentos de medida utilizados nesta população nos conceitos da CIF permite uma abordagem sistêmica do indivíduo. Este estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática de instrumentos para avaliação pós-AVE que passaram pelo processo de tradução e adaptação para a língua portuguesa, caracterizá-los nos conceitos da CIF e identificar suas propriedades de medida. Dois autores realizaram, de forma sistemática, as etapas de seleção dos estudos elegíveis. A busca se fez pela exploração dos bancos de dados Medline via Ovid, Cinahl via EBSCO, Scielo e Lilacs. A busca resultou em 562 títulos, reduzidos a 22 artigos elegíveis, entre os quais foram identificados 19 instrumentos de avaliação, seis destes classificados como funções e estruturas corporais (FEC), um classificado dentro de FEC e atividade, oito como atividade e quatro como participação. Apenas em 4 estudos foram observadas todas as etapas do processo de tradução. A confiabilidade foi testada em todos os instrumentos, enquanto apenas 4 avaliaram alguma forma de validade e 4 avaliaram efeito piso/teto. Sugere-se a realização de futuros estudos com o objetivo de submeter estes instrumentos à avaliação das propriedades que ainda não foram avaliadas. (AU)

Many instruments developed in foreign countries have been proposed to evaluate different aspects of patients post-stroke. The identification measuring instruments already used in the population with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in the concepts of the ICF provides a systemic approach of patients. The purpose of the study was to perform a systematic review of instruments for post-stroke evaluation that went through the process of translation and adaptation into Portuguese, featuring instruments in accordance with the concepts of the ICF and identify its psychometric properties. Two authors performed, systematically, the steps for selection of eligible studies. The databases searched were: Medline via Ovid, Cinahl via EBSCO, Scielo and Lilacs. We selected 562 titles and reduced to 22 eligible studies, in which 19 instruments were identified, six classified as structure and body function (SBF), one as SBF and activity, and eight as activity and four as participation. Only in four studies all the steps of the translation process were identified. Reliability was the psychometric property tested in all instruments, while only 4 have evaluated some type of validity and other four the floor/ceiling effects. Further studies are suggested in order to submit these instruments to evaluation of properties that have not yet been evaluated. (AU)

Assessment of cross-cultural adaptations and measurement properties of self-report outcome measures in Portuguese relevant to temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review / Evaluación de las adaptaciones transculturales y propiedades de medida de cuestionarios en lengua portuguesa relacionados con trastornos temporomandibulares: una revisión sistemática / Avaliação das adaptações transculturais e propriedades de medida de questionários em língua portuguesa relacionados às desordens temporomandibulares: uma revisão sistemática

The aim of this study was to identify, through a systematic review, which questionnaires used to assess temporomandibular (TMD) disorders are available in the Portuguese language, describing and analyzing the procedures used to translate and adapt the questionnaire into Portuguese, as well their measurement properties. Systematic searches were performed in five electronic databases (MEDLINE by PubMed, Embase, CINAHL by EBSCO, SciELO and LILACS). All studies were analyzed according to the criteria of quality guidelines for the procedures for cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties. There were 1.418, of which only six were eligible. Manual search retrieved two additional articles and a book chapter, totaling nine eligible studies. Four instruments were translated/adapted into Portuguese: The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Axis II (RDC/TMD); the Fonseca Questionnaire and Anamnestic Index; the Questionnaire from the American Academy of Orofacial Pain (QAADO); and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), but none of these questionnaires where fully submitted to the steps for translation and adaptation recommended by the followed guidelines and none of the questionnaires had all measurement properties tested. The RDC/TMD and tehe MFIQ are the best available questionnaires in Portuguese to assess TMD, as were those with the most measurement properties acceptable results tested.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, por medio de una revisión sistemática, los cuestionarios que evalúan los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) disponible en portugués, además de describir y analizar los procedimientos de traducción y adaptación al portugués de los mismos y sus respectivas propiedades de medida. Fueron realizadas búsquedas sistemáticas en cinco bases de datos (MEDLINE vía PubMed, Embase, CINAHL a través de EBSCO, SciELO y LILACS). Se analizaron todos los estudios de acuerdo a los criterios de calidad de directrices para los procedimientos de adaptación transcultural y propiedades de medida. Fueron encontrados 1.418 estudios, siendo que solo 6 fueron considerados elegibles. Fueron incluidos en búsqueda manual dos artículos y un capítulo de libro, totalizando nueve estudios. Cuatro instrumentos fueron traducidos/adaptados al portugués: Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), Questionário e Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca, Questionário da Academia Americana de Dor Orofacia (QAADO) y Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), pero ninguno de estos llevó a cabo plenamente las etapas de traducción y análisis de las propiedades de medida. El RDC/TMD y el MFIQ fueron considerados los instrumentos más adecuados, ya que fueron los que presentaron más propiedades de medida apropiadamente examinadas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, os questionários que avaliam as desordens temporomandibulares (DTM) disponíveis em português, bem como descrever e analisar os procedimentos de tradução e adaptação para a língua portuguesa dos mesmos e suas respectivas propriedades de medida. Foram realizadas buscas sistematizadas em cinco bases de dados (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, SciELO e LILACS). Todos os estudos foram analisados de acordo com os critérios de qualidade de diretrizes para os procedimentos de adaptação transcultural e propriedades de medida. Foram encontrados 1.418 estudos, sendo que apenas 6 foram considerados elegíveis. Foram incluídos em busca manual dois artigos e um capítulo de livro, totalizando nove estudos. Quatro instrumentos foram traduzidos/adaptados para a língua portuguesa: Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), Questionário e Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca, Questionário da Academia Americana de Dor Orofacia (QAADO) e Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), porém nenhum desses realizou completamente as etapas de tradução ou análise das propriedades de medida. O RDC/TMD e o MFIQ foram considerados os instrumentos mais adequados, pois foram os que apresentaram mais propriedades de medida apropriadamente testadas.